We took advantage of and experimental evolution technique that has gained popularity, dubbed evolve and resequence to measure the genetic changes underlying aerobic performance in bank voles. The dominating adaptive response to selection for this trait was in changed gene expression, whereas changes in protein structure were very subtle. The genes potentially underlying aerobic capacity in bank voles are associated with mobilizing sugars and fats from body reserves, stress response and mating behavior. If you are interested take a look for news articles about our discoveries and check out the original manuscript published in Molecular Biology and Evolution:
News articles:
http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/32/6/1657.1.full
Original manuscript:
http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/msv038?ijkey=N7xjXeyIni1zifz&keytype=ref